By Mark S. M. Scott John Hick transformed the shape of thinking about theodicy in contemporary philosophical theology with his conception of the world as a “vale of soul‐making.” Suffering, he argues, enables our development as spiritually and morally... Read more>>

By Roya Ayman and Karen Korabik "For decades, understanding of leadership has been largely based on the results of studies carried out on White men in the United States. We review major theories and models of leadership as they pertain to either... Read more>>

ByGreg Miller "Oxytocin has a touchy-feely reputation, thanks to research showing that it promotes social bonding in a wide range of animals, including humans. But a study published on page 1408 of this week's issue of Science hints that the... Read more>>

By Carsten K. W. De Dreu, Lindred L. Greer, Michel J. J. Handgraaf, Shaul Shalvi, Gerben A. Van Kleef, Matthijs Baas, Femke S. Ten Velden, Eric Van Dijk, Sander W. W. Feith. "Humans regulate intergroup conflict through parochial altruism; they self... Read more>>

By Ingvild Almås, Alexander W. Cappelen, Erik Ø. Sørensen, Bertil Tungodden "Fairness considerations fundamentally affect human behavior, but our understanding of the nature and development of people’s fairness preferences is limited. The dictator... Read more>>

By Karl Sigmund "How does cooperation emerge among selfish individuals? When do people share resources, punish those they consider unfair, and engage in joint enterprises? These questions fascinate philosophers, biologists, and economists alike,... Read more>>

By Robert Sparrow "Since the first sex reassignment operations were performed, individual sex has come to be, to some extent at least, a technological artifact. The existence of sperm sorting technology, and of prenatal determination of fetal sex... Read more>>

By Erik J. Wielenberg "Many claim that the availability of evolutionary explanations for human moral beliefs threatens the view that humans have moral knowledge. Peter Singer suggests that evolutionary explanations can debunk moral claims.1 Michael... Read more>>

By Frans Svensson "Conceived of as a contender to other theories in substantive ethics, virtue ethics is often associated with, in essence, the following account or criterion of right action: VR: An action A is right for S in circumstances C if and... Read more>>

By Bridget Clarke "One of the most prominent strands in contemporary work on the virtues consists in the attempt to develop a distinctive—and compelling—account of practical reason on the basis of Aristotle’s ethics. In response to this project,... Read more>>

By Ragnar Francén "Motivational externalists and internalists of various sorts disagree about the circumstances under which it is conceptually possible to have moral opinions but lack moral motivation. Typically, the evidence referred to are intuitions... Read more>>

By Gregory F. Mellema "There have traditionally been two schools of thought regarding moral ideals and their relationship with moral duty. First, many have held that moral agents at all times have a duty or obligation to realize or attain moral ideals... Read more>>

By Elisa Aaltola Animal ethics has tended to follow an analytical approach and has focused much attention on moral reason and theory. Recently, some have argued this to be a fundamental problem. The 'paradigmatic account' claims that instead of... Read more>>

By Traci Warkentin This paper explores a philosophical praxis of paying attention, and the importance of bodily comportment, in human-animal interactions. It traces some of the beginnings of the notion of attentiveness as it has arisen in contemporary... Read more>>

By Thomas Ryan 'Compassion’—an engaging yet troublesome word? Recent studies on Thomas Aquinas prompt a reconsideration of the place of compassion as an emotion and a virtue in his treatment of the Christian moral life. Through an analysis of relevant... Read more>>

By Stephen G. Post Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895) delivered his most famous lecture, Evolution and Ethics , in 1893 at Oxford University. It remains one of the most penetrating and original statements on Darwinian thought in relation to the moral life... Read more>>

By Tzvi Novick This article examines aspects of "scholastic" ethics in tannaitic literature, in particular, the notion that one who is engaged in legal discussion should readily admit ignorance, and should concede to the truth. While centering... Read more>>

By Liisa Myyrya, Soile Juujaumlrvi and Kaija Pesso The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between empathy variables, personal values and moral reasoning. The impact of empathic concern, perspective taking and personal values measured by... Read more>>

By Benjamin J. Lovett and Alexander H. Jordan Moral sensitivity has generally been interpreted in a normative sense, as the ability to notice moral features present in a situation. This paper outlines an alternative, descriptive conception of moral sensitivity... Read more>>

by Blaine J. Fowers, Christine O. Mollica, Erin N. Procacci This study investigated an Aristotelian model of eudaimonic and hedonic well-being that distinguishes between goal orientations in which the means and ends are separable (instrumental) and in... Read more>>

By Chris W. Surprenant Kant's deontological ethics, along with Aristotle's virtue ethics and Mill's utilitarian ethics, is often identified as one of the three primary moral options between which individuals can choose. Given the importance... Read more>>

By Eva E. A. Skoe This study examined the link between care-based moral reasoning and three different aspects of empathy—perspective taking, sympathy and personal distress. Participants were 30 female and 28 male students, ranging in age from 20 to 42... Read more>>

Several articles from the latest issue of Common Knowledge, a journal that seeks to challenge the ways in which we think of theory and its relevance to humanity, respond to Hache and Latour's recent article entitled "Morality or Moralism?"... Read more>>

By Eva Erichsen, Elisabeth Hadd Danielsson and Maria Friedrichsen Honesty is essential for the care of seriously ill and dying patients. The current study aimed to describe how nurses experience honesty in their work with patients receiving palliative... Read more>>

By Roger Crisp This paper is a discussion of some themes from Justice: Rights and Wrongs , by Nicholas Wolterstorff. The paper begins with a discussion of Wolterstorff’s distinction between justice as inherent rights and justice as inherent worth. It... Read more>>

By Mary Helen Immordino-Yang and Lesley Sylvan Social emotions like admiration for another person’s virtue are often associated with a desire to be virtuous one’s self, and to engage in meaningful and socially relevant activities against any odds ( Haidt... Read more>>

By Christian Helmut Wenzel The Ethics of Confucius and Aristotle: Mirrors of Virtue by Jiyuan Yu offers an introductory comparison in overview between Confucian and Aristotelian understandings of virtue. By "Confucian ethics" Yu means, in a... Read more>>

By Helen Dunstan The importance of private philanthropy in premodern China has long been recognized by historians, but for monographs on the subject one has had to turn to works in East Asian languages. Joanna Handlin Smith's The Art of Doing Good... Read more>>

By Marius K. Luedicke, Craig J. Thompson and Markus Giesler Consumer researchers have tended to equate consumer moralism with normative condemnations of mainstream consumer culture. Consequently, little research has investigated the multifaceted forms... Read more>>

By Richard B. Miller Eric Gregory’s Politics and the Order of Love: An Augustinian Ethic of Democratic Citizenship has two aims: first, to recast debates over modern liberalism as debates over the political implications of the Augustinian legacy and,... Read more>>

By Simone Schnall, Jean Roper and Daniel M.T. Fessler Feelings of elevation, elicited by witnessing another person perform a good deed, have been hypothesized to motivate a desire to help others. However, despite growing interest in the determinants of... Read more>>

By Robert Thornberg The purpose of this study was to investigate and generate a grounded theory on how and why students behave as they do in school situations in which they witness another student in distress. Fieldwork and interviews were conducted in... Read more>>

By Jasmine Williams, Juliet Memery, Philip Megicks and Mark Morrison The purpose of this paper is to identify, and explore the importance of, ethical and socially responsible (ESR) factors in Australian consumers' choices of grocery products and stores... Read more>>

By Fritz Allhoff, Patrick Lin, James Moor and John Weckert This paper presents the principal findings from a three-year research project funded by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) on ethics of human enhancement technologies. To help untangle this... Read more>>

By George E. Newman, Kristi L. Lockhart and Frank C. Keil When evaluating the moral character of others, people show a strong bias to more heavily weigh behaviors at the end of an individual’s life, even if those behaviors arise in light of an overwhelmingly... Read more>>

By Rhonda Shaw This article mobilizes accounts of the phenomenology of ethical expertise to discuss the actions and experiences of people who have participated in body gifting practices. The body gifting practices specifically addressed in the study are... Read more>>

By K ristján K ristjánsson In the post-Kohlbergian era of moral education, a 'moral gap' has been identified between moral cognition and moral action. Contemporary moral psychologists lock horns over how this gap might be bridged. The two main... Read more>>

By Gregory R. Peterson, Michael Spezio, James Van Slyke, Kevin Reimer and Warren Brown This paper argues that consideration of moral exemplars may provide a means for integrating insights across philosophical ethics, theological ethics, and the scientific... Read more>>

By John Basl Robust technological enhancement of core cognitive capacities is now a realistic possibility. From the perspective of neutralism, the view that justifications for public policy should be neutral between reasonable conceptions of the good... Read more>>

By John Haldane In February 1997, following the announcement that the Roslin Institute in Scotland had successfully cloned a sheep (‘Dolly’) by means of cell-nuclear transfer, US President Clinton requested the National Bioethics Advisory Commission to... Read more>>

By Sharon Lamb For over a decade, battles have raged between conservative Abstinence Only Until Marriage (AOUM) sexuality education advocates and liberal Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) advocates. While these battles have focused on the inclusion... Read more>>

By Ruiping Fan This essay explores a proper Confucian vision on genetic enhancement. It argues that while Confucians can accept a formal starting point that Michael Sandel proposes in his ethics of giftedness, namely, that children should be taken as... Read more>>

By Doret J. de Ruyter and J. Jos Kole Teaching is a significant social good and therefore teachers as well as the state have to take responsibility for guarding the moral quality of the teaching practice. Based on this premise, the article describes and... Read more>>

By Martin Peterson To consequentialise a moral theory means to account for moral phenomena usually described in nonconsequentialist terms, such as rights, duties, and virtues, in a consequentialist framework. This paper seeks to show that all moral theories... Read more>>

By Richard Volkman The information ethics (IE) of Floridi and Sanders is evaluated here in the light of an alternative in virtue ethics that is antifoundationalist, particularist, and relativist in contrast to Floridi's foundationalist, impartialist... Read more>>

By Debasmita Patra, E. Haribabu and Katherine A. McComas Many developing countries have allocated significant amounts of funding for nanoscience and nanotechnology research, yet compared to developed countries, there has been little study, discussion... Read more>>

By Noël Carroll From Plato to Hume, few if any Western thinkers doubted that there was an intimate connection between art and ethics. Historically, most art had been in the service of the church or the state, or some other political authority, and therefore... Read more>>

By Jennifer Couzin-Frankel A tiny tribe of Native Americans who live beneath the cliffs of the Grand Canyon is shaking up genetics research, thanks to an unusual out-of-court agreement with Arizona State University. Tribe members charged that their DNA... Read more>>

By Martin Jay Review by Steven E. Levingston from The Washington Post When Michael Dukakis accused George H. W. Bush of being the “Joe Isuzu of American Politics” during the 1988 presidential campaign, he asserted in a particularly American tenor the... Read more>>

By Loretta J. Bradley, Peggy P. Whiting, Bret Hendricks and Laura S. Wheat This article discusses the ethical dilemmas common to counseling practice with elder families and describes virtue ethics, rule ethics, and principle ethics in their application... Read more>>

By Alan Goldman Huckleberry Finn is not irrational in being unmotivated to follow his explicit judgments of rightness and wrongness. Philosophers have previously judged Huck to be irrational, subject to weakness of will, in being unable to act on his... Read more>>

By Chengping Zhang Thomas Hardy is notorious for driving his characters into the grave with untimely chance and luck. This essay interprets his idiosyncrasy as an exploration of the problem of "moral luck" to confront the reader with fundamental... Read more>>

By Anne Dewitt This article situates Elizabeth Gaskell's Wives and Daughters, serialized in Cornhill Magazine between 1864 and 1866, in the context of contemporary periodical articles that represent natural history as a moral endeavor and that depict... Read more>>

By Francesco Fronterotta Plato's Republic continues to arouse intense controversy among commentators, both for its ethical and political project and for its psychological, epistemological, and ontological implications for the knowledge of philosophers... Read more>>

By Jesse Couenhoven The discussion below contains a number of arguments about the nature of forgiveness that are inspired by my beliefs about divine forgiveness and their implications for human forgiveness. Yet these arguments do not (solely) depend on... Read more>>

By Andrew D Lawson Some critics of medical ethics claim it as mere sophistry. The attempt by humans to formulate principles and codes for moral behaviour is a feature of all known civilizations. Ethics, or moral philosophy, however came about with the... Read more>>

By Laurence B. McCullough There are persistent tendencies in the bioethics literature to be imprecise about what “enhancement” means, to treat genetic enhancement as ethically sui generis . “Enhancement” in general means the improvement of human anatomy... Read more>>

By Mary I. Bockover Confucianism conceives of persons as being necessarily interdependent, defining personhood in terms of the various roles one embodies and that are established by the relationships basic to one's life. By way of contrast, the Western... Read more>>

by Anna Abraham, Hannes Rakoczy, Markus Werning, D. Yves von Cramon, Ricarda I. Schubotz With the aim of understanding how different mental or intentional states are processed in the brain, the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study... Read more>>

by François Grenier and Andreas Lüthi " A study in this issue reports that mice can be fear conditioned through observation of other mice receiving aversive stimuli and identifies some of the brain regions involved in this observational fear learning... Read more>>

By Andrew Aberdein Virtue theories have become influential in ethics and epistemology. This paper argues for a similar approach to argumentation. Several potential obstacles to virtue theories in general, and to this new application in particular, are... Read more>>

Christopher Oveis, E.J. Horberg, Dacher Keltner Compassion and pride serve contrasting social functions: Compassion motivates care-taking behavior, whereas pride enables the signaling and negotiation of rank within social hierarchies. Across 3 studies... Read more>>

By Bernard G. Prusak Bioethicists often use the “nonidentity problem”—the idea that a child born with a disability would actually be a different child if she were born without the disability—to defend parents’ rights to have whatever children they want... Read more>>

By Paul M. Blowers While abundant recent studies have illuminated the social and cultural realities underlying Christian responses to poverty in late antiquity, the present essay investigates the unique challenges to Christian preachers in cultivating... Read more>>

By Jinkyung Na, Igor Grossmann, Michael E. W. Varnum, Shinobu Kitayama, Richard Gonzalez and Richard E. Nisbett We show that differences in social orientation and in cognition that exist between cultures and social classes do not necessarily have counterparts... Read more>>

By Sarah Wright If we adopt a virtue approach to epistemology, what form should the intellectual virtues take? In this paper, I argue that the proper structure of the intellectual virtues should be one that follows the tradition of internalism in epistemology... Read more>>

By Philip Cafaro Define “patriotism” as love for one’s country and devotion to its well-being. This essay contends that patriotism thus defined is a virtue and that environmentalism is one of its most important manifestations. Patriotism, as devotion... Read more>>

By Virginia Burrus Shame and sanctity are intimately related in ancient "lives" of Jewish sages and Christian ascetics. Infinitely other , saints (from Eliezer to Eulalia) are also infinitely seductive in the audacity of their willful abjection... Read more>>

By Philip Goodchild The work of Pierre Hadot has re-established an approach to philosophy as a way of life, a set of spiritual exercises (Hadot 1995, 2002). As Socrates explained his task, "I tried to persuade each of one of you to concern himself... Read more>>

By John A. Robertson Egg donation fills an important niche in American infertility practice. It helps women with ovarian failure, women over forty, and gay men to have children. It does so, to a large extent, because donors are paid for their services... Read more>>

ByDavid Dyzenhaus "I argue that we cannot have legal order without judges who have an understanding of legal principles that transcends the law of their land. But this is an understanding of the principles of legality, rather than of the moral content... Read more>>

By Warren A. Kinghorn The medical professionalism movement, bolstered by many influential medical organizations and institutions, has in the last decade produced a number of conceptual definitions of professionalism and a number of concrete proposals... Read more>>

Bettina Hoser, Tanja Nitschke In this paper the need of awareness for and even of change in the rules of how we conduct ourselves as researchers and participants in the virtual worlds of the internet is proposed. The focus of this paper is on the ethics... Read more>>

This paper argues that Anscombe and Foot were correctly skeptical of the concept of moral rightness. Two senses of morally right action are distinguished, a strong notion that has deontic implications and a weaker notion that does not. It is argued that... Read more>>

This first ever quantitative research of a 20-year-old intervention used widely in 90 countries including more than 100 schools in Australia and New Zealand, introduced The Virtues Project™ (Popov, Popov, & Kavelin, 1995) into a preschool through... Read more>>

by Cynthia L. S. Pury and Autumn D. Hensel When asked to describe a courageous action they have taken personally, people overwhelmingly describe an action with a successful outcome (Pury, Kowalski, & Spearman, 2007). Study 1 replicated these findings... Read more>>

Maui Hudson Ethical review is an integral part of the process of developing research and considering issues associated with the production of knowledge. It is part of a system that primarily legitimises western traditions of inquiry and reinforces western... Read more>>

By Nafsika Athanassoulis and Allison Ross Most discussions of risk are developed in broadly consequentialist terms, focusing on the outcomes of risks as such. This paper will provide an alternative account of risk from a virtue ethical perspective, shifting... Read more>>

In this article I attempt to bridge F.A. Hayek's theory of how the brain works to his theory of how ethics evolve in a social system. Both are theories of spontaneous orders, and a great deal of work on both how the brain works and on the evolution... Read more>>

By Nicholas Maxwell "This book will enthral anyone concerned about ultimate questions – the nature of the universe, the meaning of life, the fate of humanity. It is written in a lively, accessible style, and has original things to say about a number... Read more>>

By Robert Marrihew Adams What is virtue? A plausible first answer is that virtue is goodness of moral character. The theory of virtue proposed in my book, A Theory of Virtue (Adams 2006 ), belongs to the department of ethical theory that is concerned... Read more>>

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By Darcia Narvaez Recently, intuitionist theories have been effective in capturing the academic discourse about morality. Intuitionist theories, like rationalist theories, offer important but only partial understanding of moral functioning. Both can be... Read more>>

By Katie Liljenquist, Chen-Bo Zhong and Adam D. Galinsky. Given the symbolic association between physical and moral purity, we considered a provocative possibility: In addition to regulating physical cleanliness, clean smells might also motivate virtuous... Read more>>

By Daniel C. Russell Virtue ethicists sometimes say that a right action is what a virtuous person would do, characteristically, in the circumstances. But some have objected recently that right action cannot be defined as what a virtuous person would do... Read more>>

By Lisheng Chen The different meanings of “courage” in The Analects were expressed in Confucius’ remark on Zilu’s bravery. The typological analysis of courage in Mencius and Xunzi focused on the shaping of the personalities of brave persons. “Great courage... Read more>>

Galen V. Bodenhausen Social psychological research is increasingly coming to grips with the complexity of social identity within the individual, both from the perspective of perceivers trying to form impressions and make judgments about multiply categorizable... Read more>>

Joel H. K. Vuolevi, Paul A. M. Van Lange How do we interpret other's behavior when we lack important pieces of information? Do we give the other the benefit of the doubt, believing that the other behaves in a fair manner? Or do we fill in the blanks... Read more>>

Jessica M. Salerno, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Margaret C. Stevenson, Tisha R. A. Wiley, Bette L. Bottoms, Roberto Vaca Jr., Pamela S. Pimentel In three studies, we investigated support for applying sex offender registry laws to juveniles. Family law attorneys... Read more>>

By Russell Belk. Sharing is a fundamental consumer behavior that we have either tended to overlook or to confuse with commodity exchange and gift giving. Sharing is a distinct, ancient, and increasingly vital consumer research topic that bears on a broad... Read more>>

Corrado Sinigaglia , Laura Sparaci The paper aims at highlighting how our primary understanding of others' actions is rooted in the mirror mechanism. To this end, the anatomical architecture of the mirror neuron system for action will be outlined... Read more>>

John Cottingham The virtue of integrity does not appear explicitly in either the Aristotelian or the Judaeo-Christian list of virtues, but elements of both ethical systems implicitly acknowledge the importance of a unified and integrated life. This paper... Read more>>

By Connie M. Ulrich, Ann B. Hamric and Christine Grady. In the insightful and provocative book Final Exam, noted author and liver transplant surgeon Pauline Chen chronicles her medical education and some of the ethical dilemmas physicians face in practice... Read more>>

By James M. Jacobs That the essence of human nature is to be free is a common theme of many otherwise disparate philosophical traditions. From Augustine to Sartre, the fact of human freedom has been the point of departure for the consideration of humanity... Read more>>

Janice Richardson In this article, I examine the role of the fiction of property in the person in recent feminist debate, comparing Carole Pateman's position with those who are more sympathetic to the image of contract for feminist/anti-racist political... Read more>>

James R. Otteson Adam Smith raised a series of obstacles to effective large-scale social planning. In this paper, I draw these Smithian obstacles together to construct what I call the “Great Mind Fallacy,” or the belief that there exists some person or... Read more>>

By Janet Browne Biographies of scientists are generating fresh interest as current movements in the historiography of science increasingly focus on the social aspects of science and on the criteria that most accurately describe a scientific life. Biography... Read more>>

By Casey LaFrance and Jennifer M Allen This study focuses on one arena of public administration in which the balancing act between various accountability considerations is especially visible: local law enforcement management, and one of the many accountability... Read more>>

ByPatrick Madigan The article reports that the conviction that love is likely to be proportionate to its object was basic to Greek ethics and culture. As reported, Aristotle precipitated this conviction into a principle and analyzed moral virtue as the... Read more>>

By Yong Huang Focusing on the Analects and the Mencius, this article attempts to provide a Confucian answer to "why be moral?"—a question about the motivation to be moral that is neither tautological nor self-contradictory, as some philosophers... Read more>>

By Joshua Colt Gambrel and Philip Cafaro "In this paper we explore material simplicity, defined as the virtue disposing us to act appropriately within the sphere of our consumer decisions. Simplicity is a conscientious and restrained attitude toward... Read more>>

By Lauren F. Freedman and Simon N. Verdun-Jones. This article examines the implications of the body of research that asserts that psychopaths have neurobiological irregularities that are manifested by learning and fear-processing deficits as well as neurotransmitter... Read more>>

By Daniel H. Magilow. In June 2009, when American President Barack Obama delivered a long-awaited speech about the United States' relationship to the Muslim world at Cairo University, The New York Times invited several young Egyptian and Jordanian... Read more>>

By Peter Winch. The concept of human nature usually enters discussions of the nature and implications of the social sciences in connection with one or another form of ‘relativism’. Confronted with the enormous and apparently conflicting variety of phenomena... Read more>>

By Roger Crisp The aim of this essay is to test the claim that epistemologists—virtue epistemologists in particular—have much to learn from virtue ethics. The essay begins with an outline of virtue ethics itself. This section concludes that a pure form... Read more>>

By Sarah Wright Contextualism in epistemology has been proposed both as a way to avoid skepticism and as an explanation for the variability found in our use of "knows." When we turn to contextualism to perform these two functions, we should... Read more>>

By Linda Zagzebski In this essay I outline a radical kind of virtue theory I call exemplarism, which is foundational in structure but which is grounded in exemplars of moral goodness, direct reference to which anchors all the moral concepts in the theory... Read more>>

By Thomas Hurka The concepts of virtue and right action are closely connected, in that we expect people with virtuous motives to at least often act rightly. Two well-known views explain this connection by defining one of the concepts in terms of the other... Read more>>

By Michael S. Brady The perceptual model of emotions maintains that emotions involve, or are at least analogous to, perceptions of value. On this account, emotions purport to tell us about the evaluative realm, in much the same way that sensory perceptions... Read more>>

By Amy Coplan By briefly sketching some important ancient accounts of the connections between psychology and moral education, I hope to illuminate the significance of the contemporary debate on the nature of emotion and to reveal its stakes. I begin the... Read more>>

By Christine Swanton On the Aristotelian picture of virtue, moral virtue has at its core intellectual virtue. An interesting challenge for this orthodoxy is provided by the case of universal love and its associated virtues, such as the dispositions to... Read more>>

By Onora O'Neill Duty and virtue are no longer the common coin of daily conversation. Both terms strike many of us as old-fashioned and heavy handed. Yet we incessantly talk about what ought and ought not to be done, and about the sorts of persons... Read more>>

Thomas L. Pangle This interpretative commentary recovers the largely overlooked significance of a work that illuminates, by portraying in a subtle comic drama, the new perspective on existence, the new way of life, that Socrates introduced in and through... Read more>>

Leslie Paul Thiele Hannah Arendt is best known for her trenchant analysis and original evaluation of political life. The sine qua non of politics is human action, which she celebrates above all other human capacities. Arendt equates action with freedom... Read more>>

Stefan Seiler, Andres C. Pfister Leadership theories referring to complex adaptive system theory (CAS) describe leadership as a dynamic process of interdependent, cooperating agents. However, research on leadership behavior focuses mainly on the leader... Read more>>

By Rachel Spronk This article presents two themes: how young professionals personally experience sexuality and issues of cultural belonging or identification; and how these issues are interrelated in their lives. I identify ways in which ‘young professionals... Read more>>

By Alan J. Kuperman Although most humanitarians advocate more international intervention in Darfur, some analysts urge the opposite on grounds that intervention has backfired due to the problem of moral hazard. These contrarians argue that the expectation... Read more>>

Russell E. Johnson , Kyle W. Groff , Meng U. Taing Although organizational commitment is a multidimensional construct, researchers have tended to examine the independent effects of its different forms. However, doing so creates potential problems of model... Read more>>

Keith R. Brown Moral boundaries are often conceptualized as an expression of an individual's identity or belief system. However, social forces greatly influence how and when consumers activate moral boundaries. Utilizing a dramaturgical perspective... Read more>>

Robert I Rotberg Biography is history, depends on history, and strengthens and enriches history. In turn, all history is biography. History could hardly exist without biographical insights—without the texture of human endeavor that emanates from a full... Read more>>

Stanley Wolpert History has illuminated every field of human endeavor—science as well as the arts—embracing countless modern disciplines, expanding its focus on change over time to comprehend entire nations, cultures, and civilizations, each far more... Read more>>

By Gabriel Ignatow. This article argues that a modified version of Bourdieu's habitus concept can generate insights into moral culture and the ways people use culture to make changes in their lives. If revised in light of recent findings from cognitive... Read more>>

By Julian Tanner, Mark Asbridge and Scot Wortley. This research compares representations of rap music with the self-reported criminal behavior and resistant attitudes of the music's core audience. Our database is a large sample of Toronto high school... Read more>>

By Daniel Y. Elstein and Thomas Hurka. "Many philosophers of the last century thought all moral judgments can be expressed using a few basic concepts — what are today called ‘thin’ moral concepts such as ‘good,’ ‘bad,’ ‘right,’ and ‘wrong.’ This... Read more>>

Nora Hämäläinen In this paper I discuss the viability of the claim that at least some forms of moral theory are harmful for sound moral thought and practice. This claim was put forward by e.g. Elisabeth Anscombe (1981(1958)) and by Annette Baier, Peter... Read more>>

Nancy E. Snow Abuses at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq confront us with the question of how seemingly ordinary soldiers could have perpetrated harms against prisoners. In this essay I argue that a Stoic approach to the virtues can provide a bulwark against... Read more>>

Felipe De Brigard, Eric Mandelbaum, David Ripley Some theorists think that the more we get to know about the neural underpinnings of our behaviors, the less likely we will be to hold people responsible for their actions. This intuition has driven some... Read more>>

Kathleen R. Rodgers This paper explores the dilemmas that social movement organizations face as they seek to conform to institutional norms in order to expand their media influence. In particular, I examine the similarity of strategic decision-making... Read more>>

Susan Hekman In We Have Never Been Modern Bruno Latour challenges the intellectual community to find an alternative to modernism that does not privilege either the discursive or the material in the construction of knowledge. A central aspect of his thesis... Read more>>

Alice M. Black, Garee W. Earnest The lack of research evaluating the outcomes of leadership development programs and the lack of a suitable evaluation instrument are evident in the literature. This study represents the first attempt at providing a comprehensive... Read more>>

By Noreen Herzfed Sit in your cell and your cell will teach you everything. Few of us live the monastic life. We spend our days in a world of work filled with technologies that vie for our attention. And we return at the end of those days, not to a cell... Read more>>

By Wioleta Polinska Whether compassion for all beings in Buddhism, or “love of enemy” in Christianity, unconditional love signifies one of the principal concerns of all world religions. The profound wisdom of various religious traditions has inspired... Read more>>

Mary Gauvain, Robert L. Munroe This study examined how societal changes associated with modernization are related to cognitive development. Data were from 4 cultural communities that represented a broad range of traditional and modern elements: the Garifuna... Read more>>

By Oliver Putz Recent advances in evolutionary biology and ethology suggest that humans are not the only species capable of empathy and possibly morality, suggesting that the concept of the imago Dei could be extended to accommodate moral species other... Read more>>

By Emma F. Thomas, Craig McGarty, Kenneth I. Mavor This article explores the synergies between recent developments in the social identity of helping, and advantaged groups’ prosocial emotion. The authors review the literature on the potential of guilt... Read more>>

By Harry White Coleridge realized that much of the guilt from which he suffered was largely—if not entirely—a symptom of depression; but he found the possibility that feelings of guilt might be reducible to symptoms of mental disease even more disturbing... Read more>>

By Derek L Penwell The profoundly thoughtful—not to mention extensive—character of the scholarship historically applied to the nature of the difference between Plato and Aristotle on the issue of the tragic emotions raises the obvious question: What new... Read more>>

Alison Hill I am going to defend pessimism about moral testimony; that is, I am going to argue that there are circumstances in which you have no reason to trust moral testimony (in fact, you have reason not to put your trust in it), even if your interlocutor... Read more>>

Paradoxically, our human virtues that maintain our societal fabric, emerge from passional grounds/sources in individual existence. It is the Human Condition that prompts our creative strivings beyond the natural round of life toward outstanding achievements... Read more>>

Jamin Asay Constructive empiricists claim to offer a reconstruction of the aim and practice of science without adopting all the metaphysical commitments of scientific realism. Deflationists about truth boast of the ability to offer a full account of the... Read more>>

Li Huang , J. Keith Murnighan Because the choice to trust is inherently risky, people naturally assess others’ trustworthiness before they engage in trusting actions. The research reported here suggests that the trust development process may start before... Read more>>

"Drop something in front of a two-year-old, and she's likely to pick it up for you. This is not a learned behavior, psychologist Michael Tomasello argues. Through observations of young children in experiments he himself has designed, Tomasello... Read more>>

Are Adolescents Less Mature Than Adults? Minors' Access to Abortion, the Juvenile Death Penalty, and the Alleged APA “Flip-Flop” Laurence Steinberg, Elizabeth Cauffman, Jennifer Woolard, Sandra Graham and Marie Banich The American Psychological Association's... Read more>>

Norman P. Li, and Daniel Balliet Humor and social dilemmas are two disparate areas that have been linked to emotions. However, they tend to have been studied apart from considerations of emotion and emotional expression. We provide an overview of how... Read more>>

John W. Maynor This paper critically examines the rising popularity of blogging in the US as a new kind of public space that has the potential to extend and deepen the way in which we interact and engage each other in political discourse. To proponents... Read more>>

Mark Rigstad Even if preventive military counter-terrorism may sometimes be ethically justifiable, it remains an open question whether the Bush Doctrine presented a discursively coherent account of the relevant normative conditions. With a view towards... Read more>>

Ari Kohen At the center of this paper are three questions: in the absence of a religious worldview, can one gain access to the concepts of forgiveness and reconciliation, can reconciliation be achieved in the absence of forgiveness or does the former... Read more>>

Don Grant, Alfonso Morales, Jeffrey J. Sallaz Research on the emotional consequences of interactive service work remains inconclusive in large part because scholars have not analyzed the mechanisms that lead frontline employees to adopt the meanings disseminated... Read more>>

Robb Willer, Ko Kuwabara, Michael W. Macy Prevailing theory assumes that people enforce norms in order to pressure others to act in ways that they approve. Yet there are numerous examples of “unpopular norms” in which people compel each other to do things... Read more>>

By Patrick Haggard and Manos Tsakiris "The experience of agency refers to the experience of being in control both of one's own actions and, through them, of events in the external world. Recent experimental studies have investigated how people... Read more>>

By Yang, ***-Ling; Wu, Wei-Pang "The purpose of this study was to examine the dimensionality of a moral intensity construct in four ethical accounting scenarios and how the dimensions directly affect the specific processes of moral decision making... Read more>>

By Mark LeBar "There seems to be an important difference between accounting for the wrongness of a wrong action in terms of its effects on the victim and in terms of its effects on the perpetrator. Some see this difference as the basis for an objection... Read more>>

Philippa Foot's Natural Goodness is in the midst of a cool reception. It appears that this is due to the fact that Foot's naturalism draws on a picture of the biological world at odds with the view embraced by most scientists and philosophers... Read more>>

By Mathieu Bouville "Since cheating is obviously wrong, arguments against it (it provides an unfair advantage, it hinders learning) need only be mentioned in passing. But the argument of unfair advantage absurdly takes education to be essentially... Read more>>

The most recent edition of the journal Daedalus features a series of articles that probe what it means to be human. Articles include Hilary Rose (Bradford) and Steven Rose (Open) on “ The Changing Face of Human Nature ,” Michael Gazzaniga (UCSB) on “... Read more>>

By Lund University, Kungshuset, Lundagård "Contemporary value theory has been characterized by a renewed interest in the analysis of concepts like “good” or “valuable”, the most prominent pattern of analysis in recent years being the socalled buck... Read more>>

By Gilbert Harman. "The first part of this article discusses recent skepticism about character traits. The second describes various forms of virtue ethics as reactions to such skepticism. The philosopher J.-P. Sartre argued in the 1940s that character... Read more>>

By Jason Kawall "In recent decades there has been a great deal of interest in virtue ethics, broadly construed. There are, of course, many different such theories, and some dispute over what conditions a theory must meet to qualify as a virtue ethics... Read more>>

By David B. Edelman and Anil K. Set "Despite anecdotal evidence suggesting conscious states in a variety of non-human animals, no systematic neuroscientific investigation of animal consciousness has yet been undertaken. We set forth a framework for... Read more>>

By Tal Gilead "Although since the 1960s human capital theory has played a major role in guiding educational policy, philosophical issues that stem from this development have rarely been discussed. In this article, I critically examine how the idea... Read more>>

By Cheshire Calhoun "That human beings make commitments of various sorts might seem so obviously a good thing that the question “What good is commitment?” might be thought to ask merely after the kind or kinds of good that commitment affords. To... Read more>>

By J.D. Trout "The Empathy Gap is, with the author's words, a "story of the American freedom", as seen from the point of view of psychology of behavior and decision-making. With a friendly style of discoursing and down-to-earth examples... Read more>>

By Gideon Calder "For many adherents, the appeal in ethics of virtue-based approaches lies in their sensitivity to relations between agents and contexts—to the messy textures of our orientations and the roles we inhabit. This relationality obtains... Read more>>

By Michael J. Zimmerman "The ancient question of what a good life consists in is currently the focus of intense debate. There are two aspects to this debate: the first concerns how the concept of a good life is to be understood; the second concerns... Read more>>

By Candace L. Upton "Aristotle was acutely aware of the importance of moral psychological observations to virtue ethics. In his brief discussion of bravery in the Nicomachean Ethics, he makes at least ten explicit empirical claims about the actual... Read more>>

By Jesse Prinz "Situationists argue that virtue ethics is empirically untenable, since traditional virtue ethicists postulate broad, efficacious character traits, and social psychology suggests that such traits do not exist. I argue that prominent... Read more>>

By Gopal Sreenivasan "This paper argues against the unity of the virtues, while trying to salvage some of its attractive aspects. I focus on the strongest argument for the unity thesis, which begins from the premise that true virtue cannot lead its... Read more>>

By Peter B. M. Vranas " I defend the epistemic thesis that evaluations of people in terms of their moral character as good, bad, or intermediate are almost always epistemically unjustified. (1) Because most people are fragmented (they would behave... Read more>>

By Joel J. Kupperman "This paper represents two polemics. One is against suggestions (made by Harman and others) that recent psychological research counts against any claim that there is such a thing as genuine virtue. The other is against the view... Read more>>

By Joris Lammers and Diederik A. Stapel "The authors conducted 5 studies to test the idea that both thinking about and having power affects the way in which people resolve moral dilemmas. It is shown that high power increases the use of rule-based... Read more>>

In Diaphysics I develop a theory that there are physical laws running through the different levels of reality, and which cause new levels of complexity to emerge. Interdisciplinary in scope, this book shows how diaphysical laws created the world as we... Read more>>

Karoline Strauss , Mark A. Griffin and Alannah E. Rafferty Employees' proactive behaviour is increasingly important for organizations seeking to adapt in uncertain economic environments. This study examined the link between leadership and proactive... Read more>>

John McDowell has argued that for human needs to matter in practical deliberation, we must have already acquired the full range of character traits that are imparted by an ethical upbringing. Since our upbringings can diverge considerably, his argument... Read more>>

by Defining Wisdom Project grantee Dr. Ryan Hanley "Recent years have witnessed a renewed debate over the costs at which the benefits of free markets have been bought. This book revisits the moral and political philosophy of Adam Smith, capitalism's... Read more>>

Jean Bethke Elshtain, project council member and co-PI of the Science of Virtues project. "The article analyzes the relationship between democracy and religion. It is argued that theories about the inevitable advancement of secularization in connection... Read more>>

The article discusses the highlights of the Twenty-Seventh Annual National Federalist Society Student Symposium held at the University of Michigan Law School in Ann Arbor in 2009. Among the topics tackled were judicial review, local values and pluralism... Read more>>

Lanzoni, Susan "The article discusses the account of emotion which highlights the bodily and physiological constitution of various feeling-states. It highlights the role of sympathy, which was most often understood to be a kind of tenderheartedness... Read more>>

Christian Miller I first summarize the central issues in the debate about the empirical adequacy of virtue ethics, and then examine the role that social psychologists claim positive and negative mood have in influencing compassionate helping behavior... Read more>>

Edited by Darcia Narvaez "Moral notions are foundational questions that have commanded deep reflection since antiquity, reflection that psychological science cannot evade, because the moral formation of children is a central concern of parents, schools... Read more>>

Abstract: This study investigated whether two positive morally relevant emotions, pride and gratitude, were associated with the prosocial behaviors exhibited by organizational leaders. Pride and gratitude were measured as dispositional tendencies in leaders... Read more>>

Abstract: Research across disciplines suggests that bad is stronger than good and that individuals punish deception more than they reward honesty. However, methodological issues in previous research limit the latter conclusion. Three experiments resolved... Read more>>

Huajian Cai , Qiuping Wu , Jonathon D. Brown In a provocative article, Heine et al. concluded that self-esteem needs are less important in collectivistic, East Asian countries than in individualistic, Western ones. Their conclusion was based, in part... Read more>>

By Robert C. Post & Matthew W. Finkin Review By: Jessica Kaplan "It all started a few thousand years back with a naked couple and an apple. Since then, scholars have been toiling with what knowledge is acceptable to consume and share. In their... Read more>>

Georgiana Kirkham In this article I examine similarities between the science and ethics of biotechnology on the one hand, and those of alchemy on the other, and show that the understanding of nature and naturalness upon which many contemporary ethical... Read more>>

Revocation of the pardon granted to Ms. Birtukan Mideksa has been a subject of bitter debate recently between those who admonish it as unlawful and retrograde, on the one hand and those who approve of it as not only lawful, but also as a measure that... Read more>>

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Abstract: Primary care givers commonly interpret shortages of time with patients as placing them between a rock and a hard place inrespect of their professional obligations to fairly distribute available healthcare resources (justice) and to offer a quality... Read more>>

Abstract: The question of why people are motivated to act altruistically has been an important one for centuries, and across various disciplines. Drawing on previous research on moral regulation, we propose a framework suggesting that moral (or immoral... Read more>>

Abstract: In an fMRI experiment, participants were exposed to narratives based on true stories designed to evoke admiration and compassion in 4 distinct categories: admiration for virtue (AV), admiration for skill (AS), compassion for social/psychological... Read more>>

"If you open any textbook on metaethics, one of the first things that you are likely to see is a flowchart. 1 The advertised purpose of this flowchart is to ascertain, by means of your answers to three or four binary questions, where you lie in the... Read more>>

Improving practice depends on accurate understandings of practitioner knowledge, which are not easily attained, partly because practitioners unevenly apply formal theory and also rely on reflective processes and power bases that are significantly different... Read more>>

Abstract: Philosophers who complain about the ‘demandingness’ of morality forget that a morality can make too few demands as well as too many. What we ought be seeking is an appropriately demanding morality. This article recommends a ‘moral satisficing... Read more>>

Abstract: The structure of the Rye et al.’s Forgiveness Likelihood Scale was evaluated using the principal components analysis and Guttman’s Smallest Space Analysis. Participants ( n = 98) were students in Introduction to Psychology classes. While the... Read more>>

Abstract: In this paper, we will examine and untangle a conflict mainly between a developmental psychologist, Martin Hoffman and a social psychologist, Daniel Batson. According to Hoffman, empathic distress, a vicarious feeling through empathy, is transformed... Read more>>

Abstract: Coercion is a powerful means to enforce altruism and promote social cohesion in animal groups, but it requires the reliable identification of selfish individuals. Experiments in a desert ant provide the first direct proof that a single cuticular... Read more>>

Abstract: The assumption that high level functioning is characterized by a great deal of autonomy is central to some major theories of moral development [Kohlberg (in T. Lickona (ed.) Moral development and behavior: Theory, research and social issues... Read more>>

Jonathan Haidt People are selfish, yet moral ly motivated. Moral ity is universal, yet culturally variable. Such apparent contradictions are dissolv in g as research from many discipl in es converges on a few shared pr in ciples, in clud in g the importance... Read more>>

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Abstract: The article presents a reflection on the consequences of European intellectual society abandoning its religious ideological history. It is asserted that the Europe of the 21st-century refuses to acknowledge its religious roots and that as a... Read more>>

Abstract: The article examines the new discourse on medical professionalism and responsibility through the prism of conflicts among moral values, especially with regard to truth-telling. The discussion is anchored in the renaissance of English-language... Read more>>

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Abstract: How and why do moral judgments vary across the political spectrum? To test moral foundations theory (Haidt & Joseph, 2004; Haidt & Graham, 2007), we developed several ways to measure people’s use of five sets of moral intuitions: Harm... Read more>>

Abstract: This paper analyzes if men and women are expected to behave differently regarding altruism . Since the dictator game provides the most suitable design for studying altruism and generosity in the lab setting, we use a modified version to study... Read more>>

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine whether fairness assessed in a widely used multisource instrument written by practitioners possessed a similar factor structure as fairness measured in academic literature, and whether different... Read more>>

Wouter van den Bos, Eric van Dijk, Michiel Westenberg, Serge A.R.B. Rombouts, Eveline A. Cron Reciprocity of trust is important for social interaction and depends on individual differences in social value orientation (SVO). Here, we examined the neural... Read more>>

Abstract: Catharine Macaulay, an 18 th century English historian, published her educational philosophy in Letters on Education with Observations on Religious and Metaphysical Subjects in 1790. The ultimate goal of her educational process, to 'bring... Read more>>

Proposes that consumer psychology as an empirical social science cannot resolve the question of free will but can and should examine the antecedents and consequences of consumers' belief in free will. Read more>>

Presents and clarifies various conceptual distinctions drawn in the marketing and consumer behavior literature between vices and virtues, hedonic and utilitarian goods, affective and cognitive goods, and shoulds and wants. Read more>>

Presents a theory of self-control by precommitment in consumer choice, along with a review of the literature. Read more>>

Experimental evidence of sophisticates' (as opposed to naifs') insight into, and use of, precommitment strategies (i.e., self-imposed costly deadlines) to address their own procrastination self-control problems. Also shows performance benefits... Read more>>

First empirical demonstration (using experimental, field, and market-level data) in the self-control literature of how consumers apply precommitment strategies to control their consumption of vice and virtue goods. Read more>>

Previous research has documented that attributional information contained in causal accounts for success induce impressions of arrogance and modesty. The research further examined the role of accounts as well as level of success when perceivers know the... Read more>>

Included in many discussions in psychology and its related domains is the assumption that deservingness and justice judgments are interchangeable. This paper tries to refute this assumption, while offering a general framework for the understanding of... Read more>>

Two factors are assumed to induce impressions of arrogance and modesty in reaction to others' accounts for success: the dimensions underlying the cause for success and the perceived desirability of the cause. Guided by Weiner's attribution theory... Read more>>

Emotional expressions influence social judgments of personality traits. The present research had the goal to show that it is of interest to assess the impact of neutral expressions in this context. In two studies using different methodologies we found... Read more>>

by Georg Brun, Ulvi Doguoglu & Dominique Kuenzle (Editors) Epistemology and Emotions is a recent addition to Ashgate's Epistemology and Mind series which focuses on contemporary international research at the intersection of metaphysics, epistemology... Read more>>

This article considers psychological disorders in the light of several virtues and vices. Abstract : The authors investigated the associations between attachment, empathy, rumination, forgiveness, and depressive symptoms via the framework of attachment... Read more>>

Abstract: The anterior insular cortex (AIC) is implicated in a wide range of conditions and behaviours, from bowel distension and orgasm, to cigarette craving and maternal love, to decision making and sudden insight. Its function in the re-representation... Read more>>

Larkin GL , Iserson K , Kassutto Z , Freas G , Delaney K , Krimm J , Schmidt T , Simon J , Calkins A , Adams J Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Ethics Committee, Lansing, MI, USA. gluke.larkin@yale.edu At a time in which the integrity of the medical... Read more>>

By: Toshio Yamagishi, Yutaka Horita, Haruto Takagishi, Mizuho Shinada, Shigehito Tanida and Karen S. Cook "In a series of experiments, we demonstrate that certain players of an economic game reject unfair offers even when this behavior increases... Read more>>

Tobler PN , Kalis A , Kalenscher T . University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. pnt21@cam.ac.uk What decisions should we make? Moral values, rules, and virtues provide standards for morally acceptable decisions, without prescribing how we should reach... Read more>>

Radden J , Sadler JZ The character-focused approach known as virtue ethics is especially well suited to understanding and promoting ethical psychiatric practice. Virtues are stable dispositions and responses attributed to character, and a virtue-based... Read more>>

Abstract: Legal decision-making in criminal contexts includes two essential functions performed by impartial "third parties": assessing responsibility and determining an appropriate punishment. To explore the neural underpinnings of these processes... Read more>>

Three studies examined strategies of status improvement in experimentally created (Study 1 and 2) and preexisting (Study 3) low-status groups. Theory and prior research suggested that an in-group norm that established a particular strategy of status improvement... Read more>>

We examined the ascription of five characteristics (moral, peaceful, antagonistic, smart, show initiative) to Chechens and Jews in a large, diverse, sample of participants in the Russian Federation. Factor analysis showed these five characteristics to... Read more>>

Nietzsche (1887/1967) suggested that the emotional pain individuals feel about their in-group’s inferiority leads them to feel the pleasure of schadenfreude when a successful out-group fails. To test this idea, 2 studies examined a fictitious competition... Read more>>

"Lawrence Schmidt and Scott Marratto challenge modern liberal ethics, arguing that there is no consistent ethical framework to deal with the long-range negative consequences of certain technological developments They examine established ethical approaches... Read more>>

"Computers are already approving financial transactions, controlling electrical supplies, and driving trains. Soon, service robots will be taking care of the elderly in their homes, and military robots will have their own targeting and firing protocols... Read more>>

by Luke Robinson "What are moral principles? The assumption underlying much of the generalism/ particularism debate in ethics is that they are (or would be) moral laws: generalizations or some special class thereof, such as explanatory or counterfactual... Read more>>

Page, James S. There is growing recognition of the importance of educating for peace, although yet as yet little has been written by way of exploring the possible philosophical and ethical foundations for peace education. This book aims to address this... Read more>>

Clinical ethicists encounter the most emotionally eviscerating medical cases possible. They struggle to facilitate resolutions founded on good reasoning embedded in compassionate care. This book fills the considerable gap between current texts and the... Read more>>

"Corporate Governance and Ethics is an illuminating and practical reading of Aristotle's Politics for today's corporate directors. With a deft synthesis of ethics, economics and politics, Alejo Sison elevates the discussion of corporate governance... Read more>>

Three studies establish intergroup inequality to investigate how it is emotionally experienced by the advantaged. Studies 1 and 2 examine psychology students’ emotional experience of their unequal job situation with worse-off pedagogy students. When inequality... Read more>>

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by Phil Hutchinson "In an important contribution to the burgeoning area of philosophy of emotions, Phil Hutchinson engages with philosophers of emotion in both the analytic and continental traditions. Shame and Philosophy advances a framework for... Read more>>

Abstract: Substituted judgment is often invoked as a guide for decision making when a patient lacks decision making capacity and has no advance directive. Using substituted judgment, doctors and family members try to make the decision that the patient... Read more>>

by Eckhart Arnold "Employing computer simulations for the study of the evolution of altruism has been popular since Axelrod's book „The Evolution of Cooperation“. But have the myriads of simulation studies that followed in Axelrod's footsteps... Read more>>

by Virtues Council Member Linda Zagzebski "What is knowledge? Why do we want it? Is knowledge possible? How do we get it? What about other epistemic values like understanding and certainty? Why are so many epistemologists worried about luck? In ON... Read more>>

A new book on peace education looks specifically at virtue ethics as a possible philosophical basis for peace education. The book Peace Education: Exploring Ethical and Philosophical Foundations is by Dr James Page, of Southern Cross University, and is... Read more>>

Homeless clients with severe mental illness can offer considerable insight about their residential care, but there are significant methodological challenges in eliciting their service evaluations: maximizing participation, facilitating self-expression... Read more>>

"Who are scientists? What kind of people are they? What capacities and virtues are thought to stand behind their considerable authority? They are experts—indeed, highly respected experts—authorized to describe and interpret the natural world and... Read more>>

Abstract: During the past few decades, engineering ethics has been oriented towards protecting the public from professional misconduct by engineers and from the harmful effects of technology. This “preventive ethics” project has been accomplished primarily... Read more>>

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recommendations from national bodies regarding extremely preterm infants have focussed almost exclusively on thresholds for intervention based upon estimated gestational age (GA) alone. METHODS: We reviewed policy statements that... Read more>>

"What is a good life? What does it mean to be a good person? Richard White answers these questions by considering aspects of moral goodness through the virtues: courage, temperance, justice, compassion, and wisdom. White explores how moral virtues... Read more>>

Abstract: Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that the brain regions implicated in moral cognition. However, those studies have focused exclusively on violation of social norms and negative moral emotions, and very little effort has been expended on... Read more>>

Using evidence from experimental psychology, some social psychologists, moral philosophers and organizational scholars claim that character traits do not exist and, hence, that the moral psychology that underlies virtue ethics is empirically inadequate... Read more>>

Abstract: We propose that social psychological findings on the intuitive bases of moral judgment have broad implications for moral education. The “five foundations theory of intuitive ethics” is applied to explain a longstanding rift in moral education... Read more>>

Clinical supervision for residential care staff is essential, and yet has rarely been studied. Drawing from the reflective practice tradition, we interviewed residential care supervisors about their clinical decision-making process, and analyzed the data... Read more>>

Abstract: Ethics in engineering and science has become a hot topic not only on the agendas of academic institutions and funding agencies, but also among scientists and engineers themselves and the general public. Analysis of misconduct cases shows that... Read more>>

This article discusses the interaction between a physician's personal moral code and medical law. "The Oxford English Dictionary defines conscience as, 'The faculty or principle which pronounces upon the moral quality of one's [own] actions... Read more>>

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One of America's foremost political theorists explores the connections between our political and ethical convictions, changing forever the way we understand the notion of "sovereignty." Throughout the history of human intellectual endeavor... Read more>>

Abstract: In this article Professor Elshtain responds to the critiques offered by the symposium and, five years on from 11 September 2001 and three years on from the initial publication of Just War Against Terror , revisits her analysis of the moral issues... Read more>>

Abstract: In this paper I sketch a virtue theory of art, analogous to a virtue theory of ethics along Aristotelian lines. What this involves is looking beyond a parochial conception of art understood as work of art, as product, to include intentions,... Read more>>

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Volume 2, Number 2. by Dan Haybron "Perfectionist views of well-being maintain that well-being ultimately consists, at least partly, in excellence or virtue. This paper argues that such views are untenable, focusing on Aristotelian perfectionism... Read more>>

My contention is that virtue ethics offers an important critique of traditional philosophical conceptions of moral status as well as an alternative view of important moral issues held to depend on moral status. I argue that the scope of entities that... Read more>>

Abstract: What role do religious communities, groups, and associations play – and, what role should they play – in our thinking and conversations about religious freedom and church-state relations? These and related questions – that is, questions about... Read more>>

This article details the relationship between Whitehead's theory of perception and his theory of becoming (concrescence) in his magnum opus, Process and Reality. Whitehead first presented his theory of perception in Symbolism: Its Meaning and Effect;... Read more>>

Abstract: In his first encyclical letter, Deus caritas est, Pope Benedict XVI describes the Church as a community of love. In this letter, he explores the organized practice love by and through the Church, and the relationship between this practice ,... Read more>>

"Virtue ethics is now widely recognized as an alternative to Kantian and consequentialist ethical theories. However, moral philosophers have been slow tobring virtue ethics to bear on topics in applied ethics. Moreover, environmentalvirtue ethics... Read more>>

Abstract: Although social conflict has obvious ties with physical combat, the literature on social conflict ignores its corporeal substratum. Reviewing that literature yields a paradigm of sources of conflict comprising six major variables: hostility... Read more>>

This article discusses ethical confrontations in a medical setting. "Janvier and co-workers studied pediatrics residents, obstetrics residents and nurses who work in various perinatal settings in four university-based tertiary care centers in Quebec... Read more>>

details @: http://www.polity.co.uk/book.asp?ref=9780745619767 Read more>>

Although previous research has focused on competence and sociability as the characteristics most important to positive group evaluation, the authors suggest that morality is more important. Studies with preexisting and experimentally created in-groups... Read more>>

Abstract: Moral evolution theories have emphasized kinship, reciprocity, group selection, and equilibrium selection. Yet, moral virtues are also sexually attractive. Darwin suggested that sexual attractiveness may explain many aspects of human morality... Read more>>

Abstract: From an historical perspective, the theological writings of Remigio dei Girolami and the preaching ad populum of Giordano da Pisa (different in content, form, and language) present themselves as specula societatis which reflect many aspects... Read more>>

Abstract: Is moral judgment accomplished by intuition or conscious reasoning? An answer demands a detailed account of the moral principles in question. We investigated three principles that guide moral judgments: (a) Harm caused by action is worse than... Read more>>

Introduction: Given its time-honored place, along with other arts, in many if not most past and present school curricula it would seem that at least some forms of music have been widely credited with educational value. Beyond the general association of... Read more>>

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"Socrates was not a moral philosopher. Instead he was a theorist who showed how human desire and human knowledge complement one another in the pursuit of human happiness. His theory allowed him to demonstrate that actions and objects have no value... Read more>>

Abstract: Within contemporary ethics, virtue ethics now seems to be permanently positioned as a major normative theory. Despite its popularity, however, it is often not very clear – even to virtue ethicists – what is included in the term. This article... Read more>>

Abstract: Interest in the insights of psychology has become part of our culture. Psychological solutions are advanced for a whole host of moral dilemmas. How should an ethically-minded Christian include insights from such disciplines as psychoanalysis... Read more>>

Abstract: Marmoset monkeys devalue rewards requiring travel to acquire, but tamarin monkeys do not, despite the greater patience of marmosets when rewards are delayed in time. Such preference reversals, not predicted by standard economic theory, may reflect... Read more>>

Has moral relativism run its course? The threat of 9/11, terrorism, reproductive technology, and globalization has forced us to ask anew whether there are universal moral truths upon which to base ethical and political judgments. In this timely edited... Read more>>

Abstract: This paper sets out to explore connections between a number of plausible claims concerning education in general and moral education in particular: (i) that education is a matter of broad cultural initiation rather than narrow academic or vocational... Read more>>

Abstract: In a world of continued and expanding empire, does sociocultural anthropology in itself offer grounds for moral and social criticism? One line in anthropological thought leads to cultural relativism and an awareness that a cloud of alternative... Read more>>

The principles and practices of corporate social responsibility (CSR) date back more than a century, but the current wave of interest in this topic is unprecedented. This heightened attention is global and is evidenced on every conceivable measure. It... Read more>>

Abstract: Virtue ethics has often been regarded as complementary or laissez-faire ethics in solving business problems. This paper seeks conceptual and methodological improvements by developing a virtue character scale that will enable assessment of the... Read more>>

Abstract: In recent years, anthropologists have shown increasing interest in scientific, technical and administrative systems and their political regulation. In what follows, we suggest that a major concern in much of this work is a common interest in... Read more>>

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine cultural influences on conceptual orientations of learning in U.S. and Chinese preschoolers. A sample of 188 preschoolers 4-6 years of age provided free-narrative responses to 2 story beginnings about... Read more>>

Abstract: The establishment of moral relativism does not exhaust anthropological comparisons of how people strive for a good life. In this article I suggest that comparative research into ethical systems and moralities can be productively complemented... Read more>>

Abstract: Our ability to have an experience of another's pain is characteristic of empathy . Using functional imaging, we assessed brain activity while volunteers experienced a painful stimulus and compared it to that elicited when they observed a... Read more>>

"Character" has become a front-and-center topic in contemporary discourse, but this term does not have a fixed meaning. Character may be simply defined by what someone does not do, but a more active and thorough definition is necessary, one... Read more>>

Abstract: The recovery of Aristotle's view of the political community as guardian of the common good and moral educator has fueled a continuing debate about civic education and virtue. In focusing on the relation of virtue to the common good and that... Read more>>

"At the core of the book lies a new form of virtue theory based on the emotions. Distinct from deontological, consequentialist, and teleological virtue theories, this one has a particular theological, indeed Christian, foundation. The new theory... Read more>>

Abstract: In this essay, I consider - in the context of our ongoing debates about capital punishment - the question, "what role ought religious beliefs play in a pluralistic democratic society that often presumes strict boundaries between matters... Read more>>

Abstract: Elshtain presents a case for the primacy of politics if one would argue persuasively about international justice. Without political stability, all attempts to assist developing states, or to sustain persons caught in the chaos of "failed... Read more>>

Abstract: Social animals are provisioned with prosocial orientations that operate to transcend self-interest. Morality , as used here, describes human versions of such orientations. We explore the evolutionary antecedents of morality in the context of... Read more>>

Abstract: Developments within the neurosciences, cognitive sciences, and social sciences have contributed to the emergence of social neuroscience. Among the most obvious contemporary developments are brain- imaging procedures such as functional magnetic... Read more>>

Abstract: Kin-recognition systems have been hypothesized to exist in humans, and adaptively to regulate altruism and incest avoidance among close genetic kin. This latter function allows the architecture of the kin recognition system to be mapped by quantitatively... Read more>>

Virtue theorists are fond of commending the novels of Jane Austen to moralists who agree with Elizabeth Anscombe's verdict on "modern moral philosophy" and wish to heed her call for a return to talk about virtue. And rightly so, for Austen... Read more>>

The processes underlying choice were once thought to be straightforward: individuals were conceptualized as rational decision makers who intuitively calculated the expected value of alternatives and selected the option with the highest expected value... Read more>>

In two studies, the authors investigated guilt as a response to group-based advantage. Consistent with its conceptualization as a self-focused emotion, White guilt was based in self-focused beliefs in racial inequality. Thus, guilt was associated with... Read more>>

Abstract: In this article I apply the insights of hermeneutic realism to a practical-theological ethics that addresses the international crisis of families and women's rights. Hermeneutic realism affirms the hermeneutic philosophy of Hans-Georg Gadamer... Read more>>

The processes of modernization and globalization promise more wealth and health for many people. But they are also a threat to the stability and quality of marriage and family life. This new book -- at once sobering and constructive -- looks at the impact... Read more>>

Abstract: “Virtue jurisprudence” is a normative and explanatory theory of law that utilises the resources of virtue ethics to answer the central questions of legal theory. The main focus of this essay is the development of a virtue–centred theory of judging... Read more>>

"The idea of a virtue has traditionally been important in ethics, but only recently has gained attention as an idea that can explain how we ought to form beliefs as well as how we ought to act. Moral philosophers and epistemologists have different... Read more>>

Abstract: Recent theorizing in moral psychology extends rationalist models by calling attention to social and cultural influences (J. Haidt, 2001). Six studies using adolescents, university students, and adults measured the associations among the self... Read more>>

Abstract: We investigate the ways in which concern for fairness influences decision-making. We use a paradigm previously shown to illustrate circumstances under which a decision maker sacrifices some of his or her own potential for financial gain to punish... Read more>>

Abstract: By the common consent of all mankind who have read, poetry takes the highest place in literature. That nobility of expression, and all but divine grace of words, which she is bound to attain before she can make her footing good, is not compatible... Read more>>

Abstract: The place of compassion in political thought and practice is debatable. This debate can be clarified by stipulating 'compassion' as referring to the practice of acting on the feeling of 'pity'; in addition, compassion might best... Read more>>

Abstract: This paper argues Confucianism is a compelling managerial ethic for several reasons: 1) Confucianism is compatible with accepted managerial practices. 2) It requires individuals and organizations to make a positive contribution to society. 3... Read more>>

Abstract: The investigation of virtues in organizational life has been neglected. Systematic studies of the development and demonstration of virtue have been all but absent in the organizational sciences. This article highlights the potential impact of... Read more>>

Abstract: The practice of teaching virtue (arete) for pay was typical of the Greek sophists but consistently eschewed by their contemporary Socrates. Plato and Xenophon offer various explanations for Socrates' refusal to take pay, explanations intended... Read more>>

Abstract: Humans are endowed with a natural sense of fairness that permeates social perceptions and interactions. This moral stance is so ubiquitous that we may not notice it as a fundamental component of daily decision making and in the workings of many... Read more>>

An alternative to character education is care ethics. The ethics of care can be seen as fundamentally relational, not individual-agent-based in the way of virtue ethics, and the ethics of care is more indirect than character education. After an introductory... Read more>>

This book lucidly explains how the Parallel Lives of Plutarch (c. AD 45-120) are more than mere `sources' for history. The Lives offer us a unique insight into the reception of Classical Greece and Republican Rome in the Greek world of the second... Read more>>

In this fresh evaluation of Western ethics, noted philosopher Richard Taylor argues that philosophy must return to the classical notion of virtue as the basis of ethics. To ancient Greek and Roman philosophers, ethics was chiefly the study of how individuals... Read more>>

"Foot stands out among contemporary ethical theorists because of her conviction that virtues and vices are more central ethical notions than rights, duties, justice, or consequences--the primary focus of most other contemporary moral theorists..... Read more>>

Abstract: What are virtues? Are these best described as cognitive and affective aspects of a person's psyche, or can virtues also be described as features, postures, and movements of a person's body? This paper explores the relationship between... Read more>>

“Excellence Is Available to All Who Are Willing...” Linda Clark-Borre Guest Editor Graft , Volume 4, Issue 6, September 2001, pages 390-391 DOI: 10.1177/152216280100400601 Read more>>

Academia and Industry: Partners or Protagonists? Linda Clark-Borre Graft , Volume 4, Issue 6, September 2001, pages 392-397 DOI: 10.1177/152216280100400602 Read more>>

Abstract: How does one talk about moral thought and moral action as a religious naturalist? We explore this question by considering two human capacities: the capacity for mindfulness, and the capacity for virtue. We suggest that mindfulness is deeply... Read more>>

Abstract: The long-standing rationalist tradition in moral psychology emphasizes the role of reason in moral judgment. A more recent trend places increased emphasis on emotion. Although both reason and emotion are likely to play important roles in moral... Read more>>

Abstract: While literature is often thought to be a product of culture, the writing of history in medieval Sri Lanka was based on the assumption that texts themselves can produce changes in culture by making people into virtuous devotees. A study of the... Read more>>

Abstract: Leadership in medicine, as in other settings, should be based on values that provide appropriate direction for the use of institutional power and authority. Leadership also requires managerial competence. Managerial knowledge and skills can... Read more>>

Abstract: Both Confucius and Gandhi were fervent political reformers and this paper argues that their views of human nature and the self-society-world relationship are instructively similar. Gandhi never accepted Shankara's doctrine of maya and the... Read more>>

Abridged Introduction: Since the rise of modernization theory in the 1960s up through present concerns with globalization, a growing body of anthropological and sociological scholarship has explored the impact of modern media technologies on religious... Read more>>

Are there key respects in which character and character defects are voluntary? Can agents with serious vices be rational agents? Jonathan Jacobs answers in the affirmative. Moral character is shaped through voluntary habits, including the ways we habituate... Read more>>

What are virtue and vice, and how do they relate to other moral properties such as goodness and rightness? Thomas Hurka defends a distinctive perfectionist view according to which the virtues are higher-level intrinsic goods, ones that involve morally... Read more>>

"Virtue epistemology is an exciting, new movement receiving an enormous amount of attention from top epistemologists and ethicists; this pioneering volume reflects the best work in that vein. Featuring superb writing from contemporary American philosophers... Read more>>

Abstract: This paper develops a meta-theory of business based on virtue theory which links the concept of virtues, the common good, and the dynamic economy into a unifying and comprehensive theory of business. Traditional theories and models of business... Read more>>

Abstract: The ethical and moral behavior of Homo sapiens is no longer the exclusive domain of religion and philosophy because we recognize that such behavior affects the reproductive success of individuals within the species. We are a social species and... Read more>>

Abstract: Article presents aspects of law-related education and character education, both recent educational reform movements to promote positive values in youth. Discusses ways that the two reform efforts are in conflict with each other, and suggests... Read more>>

Abstract: A three-round Delphi study was conducted to gather data on ethical reasoning among psychiatric nurses (N = 26 in round one (R1), decreasing to N = 14 in the final round (R3)). Transcripts of questionnaires were carefully read and compared. Responses... Read more>>

This article correlates selected key concepts in the field of psychotherapy with A. N. Whitehead's process thought. The concepts include psyche and soma, radical novelty and continuity, confluence and boundaries, presentational immediacy and separation... Read more>>

Abstract: To what degree has biology influenced and shaped the development of moral systems? One way to determine the extent to which human moral systems might be the product of natural selection is to explore behaviour in other species that is analogous... Read more>>

At the center of this work is a passionate concern with the relationship between political rhetoric and political action. For Elshtain, politics is a sphere of concrete responsibility. Political speech should, therefore, approach the richness of actual... Read more>>

Abstract: Morality is a set of rules that enable people to live together in harmony, and virtue involves internalizing those rules. Insofar as virtue depends on overcoming selfish or antisocial impulses for the sake of what is best for the group or collective... Read more>>

Abstract: Ordinary moral thought often commits what social psychologists call 'the fundamental attribution error'. This is the error of ignoring situational factors and overconfidently assuming that distinctive behaviour or patterns of behaviour... Read more>>

Abstract: Explores the question of teaching virtue, which has been discussed for at least 2,500 years. The anonymous "Dissoi Logoi" of ancient Greece contained a series of arguments on both sides of the question, and the author concluded that... Read more>>

"Almost all theories of knowledge and justified belief employ moral concepts and forms of argument borrowed from moral theories, but none of them pay attention to the current renaissance in virtue ethics. This remarkable book is the first attempt... Read more>>

In recent years, virtue theories have enjoyed a renaissance of interest among general and medical ethicists. This book offers a virtue-based ethic for medicine, the health professions, and health care. Beginning with a historical account of the concept... Read more>>

After Virtue is an extended philosophical argument, informed by linguistic, historical, and sociological analyses, that seeks to explain the continuing irresolution of modern moral disputes; to critique the modern bureaucratic state and the claims of... Read more>>